|
The One Hundred Thirteenth United States Congress was the meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, from January 3, 2013 to January 3, 2015. It was composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives based on the results of the 2012 Senate elections and the 2012 House elections. The seats in the House were apportioned based on the 2010 United States Census. It first met in Washington, D.C. on January 3, 2013, and it ended on January 3, 2015. Senators elected to regular terms in 2008 were in the last two years of those terms during this Congress. At its outset, this Congress had 43 African American members (all but one in the House of Representatives), and a record high number of female (100) and LGBT (8) members. Nineteen percent of its members had active duty military service background, which was down from 80% in 1977. Widespread public dissatisfaction with the institution increased over its second year,〔Domenico Montanaro, NBC News, October 10, 2013, (NBC/WSJ poll: 60 percent say fire every member of Congress ), Accessed October 10, 2013, “...60 percent of Americans ... saying if they had the chance to vote to defeat and replace every single member of Congress, including their own representative, they would...”〕〔Wall Street Journal, (Approval of Congress Matches All-Time Low ), Accessed June 13, 2013〕〔Carrie Dann, NBC News, (Americans' faith in Congress lower than all major institutions – ever ), Accessed June 13, 2013〕 and some commentators have ranked it among the worst in United States congressional history. According to a Gallup Poll released in August 2014, the 113th Congress had the highest disapproval rating of any Congress since 1974, when data first started being collected: 83% of Americans surveyed said that they disapproved of the job Congress was doing, while only 13% said that they approved. In October 2013, during the government shutdown, this decreased to 10% approval according to several polls. ==Major events== * January 3, 2013: Election of Speaker. Incumbent Speaker John Boehner was re-elected despite the largest number of defections in the vote for speaker since at least 1991. * January 4, 2013: Joint session to count the Electoral College votes for the 2012 presidential election. * January 20–21, 2013: Second inauguration of President Barack Obama and Vice President Joe Biden.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Joint Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies )〕 The terms began January 20, but because that was a Sunday, the Joint Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies scheduled the inauguration ceremony for the next day.〔 * February 12, 2013: Joint session to hear the 2013 State of the Union Address. * March 6–7, 2013: Senator Rand Paul led a filibuster of the nomination of John O. Brennan for Director of the Central Intelligence Agency with a 12-hour, 52-minute speech. * June 5, 2013: The first media reports of Edward Snowden's surveillance disclosures surfaced in the media. * June 25, 2013: The Supreme Court struck down section 4(b) of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 in ''Shelby County v. Holder,'' ending the need for some counties and states to receive "preclearance" from the Justice Department before changing election laws. * June 26, 2013: The Supreme Court struck down section 3 of the Defense of Marriage Act in ''United States v. Windsor'', forcing the federal government to acknowledge same-sex marriages granted under the laws of states. * July 16, 2013: The Senate reached a deal to allow some presidential nominations to come to a vote, avoiding the "Nuclear option" for filibuster reform.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url=http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2013/07/16/senate-heads-for-showdown-as-reid-demands-gop-approve-nominees )〕 * September 24–25, 2013: Senator Ted Cruz delivered a 21-hour, 19-minute speech, one of the longest in Senate history, in opposition to the Affordable Care Act. Cruz's speech was not a filibuster, as it delayed no vote. * October 1–17, 2013: The United States federal government was shut down as most routine operations were curtailed after Congress failed to enact legislation appropriating funds for fiscal year 2014, or a continuing resolution for the interim authorization of appropriations for fiscal year 2014. * October 3, 2013: United States Capitol shooting incident * November 21, 2013: In a 52-48 vote, the Senate ended the use of the filibuster on all executive branch nominees, as well as on most judicial nominees. The filibuster remained in place for Supreme Court nominees and for legislation.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=In Landmark Vote, Senate Limits Use of the Filibuster )〕 * November 4, 2014: United States elections, 2014, including United States Senate elections, 2014 and United States House of Representatives elections, 2014. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「113th United States Congress」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|